This research started from the question «How can I measure joy within a city?»

To measure joy within Eindhoven, I went to each center of its seven original villages. Once there, I smiled at all the people I could find. To me smiling is about joy.
Through physiology, psychology, acting, and interviews with internationals, I dived into the actual meaning of a smile. Smiling is not always about joy, and cultural background strongly affects its
significance.

My belief that a smile equaled joy was an affective cultural bias